Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on pulmonary vascular disease

With the advent of anti-retroviral therapy, non-AIDS-related comorbidities have increased in people living with HIV. Among these comorbidities, pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one most common causes morbidity and mortality. Although chronic HIV-1 infection independently associated development arterial hypertension, PH HIV may also be outcome various co-morbidities commonly observed individuals including obstructive disease, left heart disease co-infections. In addition, association other risk factors, such as illicit drug use, can exacerbate vascular disease. This review will focus on complex interactions contributing to exacerbation patients. We examine proteins, Nef, Tat, gp120 vasculature how proteins alter endothelial smooth muscle function by transforming them into susceptible phenotype. The discusses available infectious non-infectious animal models study HIV- PAH, highlighting advantages disadvantages each model, along their ability mimic clinical manifestations HIV-PAH.